A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina that may form after obstetric trauma, pelvic irradiation or pelvic surgery. The most common symptom that a patient presents with is continuous leakage of urine from the vagina. Depending on the size and location

Vulvar contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition caused by irritants or allergens. Symptoms may include chronic itching or burning. Differential diagnosis includes but is not limited to vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and vaginal atrophy. Diagnosis

Vulvar lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, oral mucosa, and vulvovaginal area. It can cause pain, soreness, itching, discharge, and lead to scarring. It is more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and patients with autoimmune disorders. The exact cause

Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic dermatologic condition that can cause pruritus and pain of the anogenital skin, and leads to scarring. It can sometimes be asymptomatic. It is more common in prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women. The exact cause is unknown, but may include a combination of autoimmune

Vulvar lichen simplex chronicus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vulva characterized by intense itching and scratching. It is both a primary cause of vulvar pruritus and a secondary complication of any vulvar pruritic condition. Factors that can cause the initial pruritus include heat, excessive

Vulvar skin disorders are inflammatory conditions that can cause pruritus, pain, and sexual dysfunction. The most common vulvar skin conditions are contact dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and lichen planus. The differential diagnosis may also include vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis,

Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva lasting more than 3 months without any finding of visible lesion or neurologic issue. It may be localized or generalized and may be brought on by touch or happen spontaneously. It is very common in young women with a second peak in menopausal women. Disclaimer: The

OVERVIEW Used to make your body's connective tissue, collagen makes up one-third of all the protein present in your body. Its strong fibers are used to connect ligaments, muscles, bones, and of course, your skin. Collagen is responsible for keeping your skin supple, resilient, and youthful. As you age,

OVERVIEW Although there are no medical reasons why you should be worried about enlarged pores, many feel their appearance would be improved with less noticeable pores. If you have large pores affecting the way you view and feel about yourself, here are some tips to help shrink your pores. What are the

OVERVIEW As you grow older, your body loses its ability to produce as much collagen as it once did. Your skin cells also divide at a slower rate, changing their structure and thinning. Wrinkles are a part of this aging process. If you don't like the look of your wrinkles, your dermatologist can help.

OVERVIEW Wrinkles are a natural part of the aging process. They occur most frequently in areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, back of the hands and forearms. Over time, skin gets thinner, drier and less elastic. Ultimately, this causes wrinkles - either fine lines or deep furrows. In addition

OVERVIEW It comes as no surprise that aging is accompanied by many changes in our skin. As we age, our skin becomes thinner, looser, and more frail. Even minor trauma can lead to bruising, scratches, or cuts which can take longer to heal. Accumulated sun damage can result in wrinkles, dryness, and the